Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 119 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x \left (a+b-(a-2 b) x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {(4 a+b) \arctan \left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(4 a+b) \arctan \left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (1+x+x^2\right ) \]
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Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 119, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 10, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {1192, 1183, 648, 632, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {(4 a+b) \arctan \left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(4 a+b) \arctan \left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )+\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (a-2 b)\right )+a+b\right )}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 1183
Rule 1192
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {x \left (a+b-(a-2 b) x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {1}{6} \int \frac {5 a-b+(-a+2 b) x^2}{1+x^2+x^4} \, dx \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b-(a-2 b) x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {5 a-b-(6 a-3 b) x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {5 a-b+(6 a-3 b) x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b-(a-2 b) x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \int \frac {1+2 x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{8} (-2 a+b) \int \frac {-1+2 x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{24} (4 a+b) \int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{24} (4 a+b) \int \frac {1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b-(a-2 b) x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{12} (-4 a-b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 x\right )+\frac {1}{12} (-4 a-b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x\right ) \\ & = \frac {x \left (a+b-(a-2 b) x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {(4 a+b) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(4 a+b) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{8} (2 a-b) \log \left (1+x+x^2\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 147, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.24 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x \left (a+b-a x^2+2 b x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {\left (\left (-11 i+\sqrt {3}\right ) a-2 \left (-2 i+\sqrt {3}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (-i+\sqrt {3}\right ) x\right )}{6 \sqrt {6+6 i \sqrt {3}}}-\frac {\left (\left (11 i+\sqrt {3}\right ) a-2 \left (2 i+\sqrt {3}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (i+\sqrt {3}\right ) x\right )}{6 \sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {3}}} \]
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Time = 0.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 136, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.14
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {\left (\frac {a}{3}-\frac {2 b}{3}\right ) x -\frac {2 a}{3}+\frac {b}{3}}{4 \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}-\frac {\left (6 a -3 b \right ) \ln \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}{24}-\frac {\left (-2 a -\frac {b}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{18}+\frac {\left (-\frac {a}{3}+\frac {2 b}{3}\right ) x -\frac {2 a}{3}+\frac {b}{3}}{4 x^{2}+4 x +4}+\frac {\left (6 a -3 b \right ) \ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{24}+\frac {\left (2 a +\frac {b}{2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\left (1+2 x \right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{18}\) | \(136\) |
risch | \(\frac {a \ln \left (124 a^{2} x^{2}-100 a b \,x^{2}+28 b^{2} x^{2}+124 a^{2} x -100 a b x +28 b^{2} x +124 a^{2}-100 a b +28 b^{2}\right )}{4}-\frac {b \ln \left (124 a^{2} x^{2}-100 a b \,x^{2}+28 b^{2} x^{2}+124 a^{2} x -100 a b x +28 b^{2} x +124 a^{2}-100 a b +28 b^{2}\right )}{8}+\frac {\left (-\frac {a}{6}+\frac {b}{3}\right ) x^{3}+\left (\frac {a}{6}+\frac {b}{6}\right ) x}{x^{4}+x^{2}+1}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, a \arctan \left (\frac {62 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {50 \sqrt {3}\, a x b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {14 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {31 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {25 \sqrt {3}\, a b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {7 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}\right )}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, b \arctan \left (\frac {62 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {50 \sqrt {3}\, a x b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {14 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {31 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {25 \sqrt {3}\, a b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {7 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}\right )}{36}-\frac {a \ln \left (124 a^{2} x^{2}-100 a b \,x^{2}+28 b^{2} x^{2}-124 a^{2} x +100 a b x -28 b^{2} x +124 a^{2}-100 a b +28 b^{2}\right )}{4}+\frac {b \ln \left (124 a^{2} x^{2}-100 a b \,x^{2}+28 b^{2} x^{2}-124 a^{2} x +100 a b x -28 b^{2} x +124 a^{2}-100 a b +28 b^{2}\right )}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, a \arctan \left (\frac {62 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {50 \sqrt {3}\, a x b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {14 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {31 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {25 \sqrt {3}\, a b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {7 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}\right )}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, b \arctan \left (\frac {62 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {50 \sqrt {3}\, a x b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {14 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2} x}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {31 \sqrt {3}\, a^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}-\frac {25 \sqrt {3}\, a b}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}+\frac {7 \sqrt {3}\, b^{2}}{3 \left (31 a^{2}-25 a b +7 b^{2}\right )}\right )}{36}\) | \(906\) |
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Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 185, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.55 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {12 \, {\left (a - 2 \, b\right )} x^{3} - 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left ({\left (4 \, a + b\right )} x^{4} + {\left (4 \, a + b\right )} x^{2} + 4 \, a + b\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left ({\left (4 \, a + b\right )} x^{4} + {\left (4 \, a + b\right )} x^{2} + 4 \, a + b\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - 12 \, {\left (a + b\right )} x - 9 \, {\left ({\left (2 \, a - b\right )} x^{4} + {\left (2 \, a - b\right )} x^{2} + 2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + 9 \, {\left ({\left (2 \, a - b\right )} x^{4} + {\left (2 \, a - b\right )} x^{2} + 2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right )}{72 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.93 (sec) , antiderivative size = 874, normalized size of antiderivative = 7.34 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 105, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {1}{36} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (4 \, a + b\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{36} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (4 \, a + b\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, {\left (2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, {\left (2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {{\left (a - 2 \, b\right )} x^{3} - {\left (a + b\right )} x}{6 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}} \]
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Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 109, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.92 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {1}{36} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (4 \, a + b\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{36} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (4 \, a + b\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, {\left (2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, {\left (2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {a x^{3} - 2 \, b x^{3} - a x - b x}{6 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}} \]
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Time = 13.59 (sec) , antiderivative size = 897, normalized size of antiderivative = 7.54 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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